Man using an electronic chartplotter on a boat. Credit: Tyler Olson/Alamy

How do the four stages of passage planning – appraise, plan, execute, monitor (APEM) – work in the age of the chartplotter? Craig Burton, head of training operations at the…

Nav in a nutshell: Shaping a course

GPS is not infallible, so it makes sense to know the basics of shaping a rough ‘course to steer’ on a paper chart, says Dick Everitt.